Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an acute viral respiratory disease characterized by sudden onset of high fever, cough, headache, severe body aches, and malaise (feeling tired all over). There may also be a stuffy/runny nose, a sore throat, and/or intestinal symptoms. Influenza is spread when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or touches something that is shared by others. That is why the flu spreads rapidly in places where people congregate - like college campuses.

How is it diagnosed?

Influenza is usually diagnosed by the history of the illness and a physical exam. Lab tests are not helpful because of the time it takes to get results. Although many symptoms of influenza are similar to those of the common cold, a fever and extreme fatigue usually indicate the flu. Most people can carry on if they have a cold, but the flu can knock you flat.

How is influenza treated?

While the virus must run its course, uncomfortable symptoms can be reduced with treatment. Rest and maintaining high fluid intake are very important. For adults, ibuprofen 400mg every 6 hours, aspirin 650mg or acetaminophen 650-1000 mg every 4-6 hours is helpful for fever and body aches. Children (age 17 and under) are treated with acetaminophen.

Influenza type A can be treated with Amantadine 200mg/day. The cost is under $10 and length of illness may be shortened by one day if initiated early in the course. Influenza type A & B can be treated with Relenza (zanamivir) (inhaled, about $50) or Tamiflu (oseltamivir) (oral, about $60). Both drugs must be started early in the course of the illness (within 2 days of onset of symptoms) to reduce the symptoms by an average of one to two days. However, these treatments are not 100% effective.

How can influenza be prevented?

In addition to maintaining a healthy diet, getting enough sleep, exercising regularly and washing hands often, influenza can generally be prevented with an annual flu vaccine. This vaccine is most effective when taken from mid-October to mid-November, which allows immunity to peak during the height of influenza season. You may receive a preventive flu vaccination at the Sindecuse Health Center during the months of October, November and December. Walk-in hours are M, T, W, F at 8-11:30 am and 1-4:30 pm, and Thursday 9-11:30 am. You may also visit one of our various locations during the Annual Campus-wide Influenza Vaccine Outreach.