Notes from Wednesday, March 19 class session:

Preparation For Wed. Mar 19:
1. Since we had so many students on tour, I have extended the deadline for the online eWorkbook assessment Quiz #8 (Baroque Instrumental Music)--complete this in WebCT/Vista/Blackboard by midnight, Thursday, March 20
(click here for instructions on how to log onto WebCT).

2. Read textbook Chapter 6 (Classic)--pages 47-52 (Music Guides 23, 25, 30, 31)

3. Listen to "Classical Music Online" examples for Classic Instrumental Music.

4. Read Lecture Notes from Mar 17.

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LECTURE TOPIC: INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC OF THE CLASSIC ERA

(See Chapter 6 for details)

The following bold or bold/italic terms/works/composers were studied:

SONATA FORM

"Textbook" Sonata Form: Almost always used in fast first movements of Classic instrumental works
- Centered in Tonic (I--home key)
- Sonata Form [Exposition] [Development, Recapitulation]
- Large-scale tonal design = I-V-X-->[V7]-I

We discussed how sonata form works:
- Exposition (two opposing keys: In Major = I vs. V ; in Minor = i vs. III)--many composers also present Theme I [tonic] vs. Theme II/Closing Theme [in dominant]
- Development ("X" - V7: wanders around never quite settling into any key; finally hits V7 at the moment of "retransition" that sets up the RECAPITULATION)
- Recapitulation (return of "I"--critical moment is when Theme 2 returns but this time willingly takes on the "home key" tonality
- Traditional Example of sonata form: Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik, 1st movement (see Music Guide 24/Chapter 6)
- A more expressive example of sonata form is the intense implied social commentary of movement 1 in Mozart's Symphony No. 40 (see Music Guide 25/Chapter 6)
In mvt 1, Theme 1 viciously destroys Theme 2, but in mvt 3 (a heavy-handed movement labeled "Minuet") Mozart tells us who the villain of the work is: the aristocracy

OTHER TYPES OF SONATA-FORM DESIGNS

Sonata-Rondo Form: Sometimes used in fast 4th movements.
- Blends sonata-form key plan [I-V-"X"-V7-I] with large RONDO form (A B A C A B A)
- "Exposition": A [I] vs B [V] A [I or V]
- "Development: "C" section must be harmonically unstable and developmental in a sonata-rondo form
- "Recapitulation": return of A and B material in the home key--final A section is a Coda/"tail" end conclusion to the movement
- Example of sonata-rondo form is Beethoven's String Quartet in C minor, Op 18 no. 4, 4th movement (see Music Guide 30/Chapter 6)

Sonata-Concerto Form: Used in 1st movements of Classic Concertos.
- Blends sonata-form key plan [I-V-"X"-V7-I] with Ritornello "Big vs. small alternation.
- Requires a "Double exposition" in which the orchestra takes the first exposition and the soloist dominates the second round of the exposition
- See movement 1 of Mozart's Piano Concerto in A, K.488 (see Music Guide 23/Chapter 6)

(Info on Beethoven Symphony No. 3 will be included in the Monday, March 24 notes)