1700 Terms/Concepts/Composers to Focus on for Exam/Core
Preparation
(For
definitions, see the textbook readings and lecture notes)
*
Music Guides marked in bold can be heard on the "Classical Music Online" website through the WMU Music Library
(These
online examples will be used as the basis for the listening quizzes)
Selected JAZZ
Styles (we will focus on
video segments on the following):
- Hot Jazz (see Music Guide 77)-- Armstrong
- Swing (see Music Guide 79)-- Ellington/Goodman
- Bebop (see Music Guide 76)-- Parker
- Cool Jazz (see Music Guide 76)-- Brubeck
- Fusion (mixture of jazz and rock styles; see
Music Guide 76)--Coltrane
- "Free"
Jazz (see Music Guide
76)--Coleman
MODERN
Genres and Terms: (be able to match
a term to its definition; know each listed composer/work/related terms; know
the "story" depicted by each programmatic work
"Avant-garde" experimental approaches
in the later 20th century:
- Tone
clusters--Music Guide 66/Chapter 8
(Cowell: The Banshee), see
also Music Guide 71/Chapter 8--Penderecki:
Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima
- Prepared piano-- Music Guide 67/Chapter
8 (Cage: The Perilous Night)
- Chance Music-- Music Guide 68/Chapter
8 (Cage: 4'33" )
- Musique concrete-- Music Guide 69/Chapter
8 (Varese: Poeme electronique)
- Total serialism -- Music Guide 70/Chapter 8 (Babbitt: Ensembles
for Synthesizer)
- Minimalism -- Music Guide 72/Chapter
8 (Glass: Einstein on the Beach;
see also Music Guide 74/Chapter 8--Reich: Violin Phase)
Earlier 20th-century approaches
- Experimental Ballet--Music Guide 57
(Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring)
- Impressionism--Music Guide 56 (Debussy: Prelude
to the Afternoon of a Faun)
- Expressionism-- Music Guide 58 and 59
(Schoenberg: Pierrot lunaire
and A Survivor from Warsaw)--Atonality,
Sprechstimme, Serialism (Survivor from Warsaw)
-
neo-Classicism -- Music Guide 63/Chapter
8)--Copland: Appalachian Spring
- neo-Romanticism -- Music Guide 64/Chapter 8--Barber:
Adagio for Strings and Music
Guide 65/Chapter 8--Bernstein: West Side Story which also incorporates aspects of Jazz)
Romantic Theatrical/Vocal Genres and
Terms: (be able to match a term to
its definition; know each listed composer/work/related terms; know the
"story" depicted by each programmatic work
-
Ballet--Music Guide 48 (Tchaikovsky: The Nutcracker)
- Opera buffa--Music Guide 45 (Rossini: Barber
of Seville)--uses traditional
recitative/aria/ensemble format
- German Musikdrama-- Music Guide 51
(Wagner: Ring of the Nibelungen)--Leitmotifs;
Introductory music to each act is called "Prelude" instead of
"Overture"
- French "Grand
Opera"--Music Guide 46 (Bizet: Carmen)--French spoken dialogue interspersed with
spectacular/exotic scenes/arias/ensembles
- Italian
"Verismo" opera--Music
Guide 52 (Puccini: La Boheme)--based
on "true-to-life" stories; continuous music instead of recit/aria
alternation
-
Lieder (German art song)--Music
Guide 34 (Schubert: Erlkonig)
Romantic Instrumental Genres and Terms: (be able to match a term to its definition; know each
listed composer/work/related terms; know the "story" depicted by each
programmatic work
-
Absolute Music (no programmatic imagery, just music for its own sake)
- Programmatic music (instrumental music
intended to depict a specific story or idea)
- Program Symphony--Music Guide 35 (Berlioz:
Symphonie fantastique)--uses
"Idee fixe" as a unifying force in all 5 movements
- Symphonic Poem--Music Guide 40 (Smetana: The
Moldau); Music Guide 55 (R.
Strauss: Also Sprach Zarathustra)
- Character Piece--Music Guide 38 (Chopin: Nocturne
in E-flat, Op. 9 No. 2)
Classic
Instrumental Music: (be able to
match a term to its definition; know each listed composer/work/related terms)
-
Classic 4-movement design--I: Fast (sonata form), II: Slow (a small form), III:
Moderate (minuet & trio), IV: Very Fast (rondo)
Classic InstrumentalGenres:
- Symphony--Music Guides 22, 25, 32 (Haydn: Symphony
No. 94; Mozart: Symphony
No. 40; Beethoven: Symphony
No. 5)
- Serenade--Music Guide 24 (Mozart: Eine
kleine Nachtmusik)
- Sonata--Music Guide 29 (Beethoven: Piano
Sonata in C minor, Op. 13)
- Quartet--Music Guide 30 (Beethoven: String
Quartet in C minor, Op. 18,
No. 4)
-
Solo Concerto--Music Guide 23 (Mozart: Piano Concerto No. 23 in A major)
Classic Forms:
- Sonata Form (exposition, development,
recapitulation)--Music Guide 25 (Mozart: Symphony No. 40, movement 1); Music Guide 32 (Beethoven: Symphony
No. 5, movement 1)
- Theme and Variations Form--Music Guide 22
(Haydn: Symphony No. 94,
movement 2)
- Minuet and Trio Form--Music Guide 24
(Mozart: Eine kleine Nachtmusik, movement 3)
- Rondo Form--Music Guide 29 (Beethoven: Piano
Sonata in C minor, Op. 13,
2nd movement)--[A B A C A form]
-
Sonata-Rondo Form [blending of sonata form and rondo form]--Music Guide 30
(Beethoven: String Quartet in C minor, Op. 18, No. 4, movement 4)
-
Sonata-Concerto Form-- used in 1st movements of Classic concertos ("double
exposition" structure helps balance both the key structure of sonata form
and the ritornello structure of a concerto)--Music Guide 23 (Mozart: Piano
Concerto No. 23 in A major, movement
1)
Pre-Classic
and Classic Vocal Music: (be able to
match a term to its definition; know each listed composer/work/related terms)
-
Enlightenment (French philosophical perspective of equality through education)
-
Ballad Opera (Gay/Pepusch: The Beggar's Opera)--for description, see notes for Mon.
Feb 18
-
Intermezzo: (Pergolesi: La Serva Padrona/"The Maid As Mistress")-- for description, see notes for Mon. Feb 18
-
Reform Opera (Gluck: Orfeo ed Euridice)-- for description, see notes for Mon. Feb 18
- Opera buffa: (Mozart: The Marriage of
Figaro)--see notes for Wed. Feb
20
- Requiem/Mass for the Dead): Mozart: Requiem--see notes for Wed. Feb 20)--the "Dies irae" text ("Day of Wrath") is an
important prayer from the traditional Catholic Requiem Mass
-
Singspiel: Mozart: The Magic Flute/"Die Zauberflote"--see notes for
Wed. Feb 20)
- Opera comique (French comic opera--spoken
dialogue interspersed with French popular songs)--see notes for Mon. Feb 18
Baroque
Instrumental Music: (be able to
match a term to its definition; know each listed composer/work/related terms)
-
Basso continuo
-
Trio Sonata--Music Guide 14 (Corelli: Trio Sonata in D, Op.3, No.2)
-
Solo Concerto--Music Guide 15 (Vivaldi: "Spring" from The Four
Seasons)
-
Concerto Grosso--Music Guide 19 (JS Bach: Brandenburg Concerto No. 5)
-
Ritornello Form (Tutti vs. solo--Big
vs. small) seen in Music Guides 15 and 19
-
Suite: Music Guide 18 (JS Bach's Orchestral Suite No. 1 )
-
4 primary dances of the Baroque
suite =allemande, courante, sarabande, gigue
-
Other dances: minuet, bourree, forlane, gavotte, passepied
-
Canon (Leader, follower)
-
Fugue (subject/answer, countersubject, exposition, episode, sequence)
Baroque
Vocal Music: (be able to match a
term to its definition; know each listed composer/work/related terms)
-
Recitative (singing in a free speech-like rhythm with sparse
accompaniment)--provides "action" in Baroque opera
-
Aria ("air-like" lyrical singing with steady beat that allows a
accompaniment)--provides "reaction" in Baroque opera
-
Seconda pratica (term used to describe the new experimental style of
Monteverdi/Gesualdo)
-
Prima pratica (term used to describe the "old school" Renaissance
sacred style of Palestrina/Josquin)
-
early Baroque Opera--Music Guide 12 (Monteverdi: "Tu sei morta"
from L'Orfeo)
-
mid-Baroque Opera--Music Guide 13 (Purcell: "Dido's Lament" from Dido
and Aeneas)--also has ostinato "ground bass"
-
Cantata--Music Guide 20A (Bach: Cantata No. 80 "Ein' Feste Burg" mvts. 1 and 8).--features a famous CHORALE tune and RITORNELLO form in the orchestral accompaniment (this Music
Guide is in the Wed Feb 13 notes)
-
Oratorio--Music Guide 21 (Handel: Messiah)--No. 3 "Ev'ry Valley Shall Be Exalted"
Renaissance
Vocal and Dance Music: (be able to
match a term to its definition; know each listed composer/work/related terms)
-
Simultaneous composition (composing all layers of a polyphonic work at the same
time--both horizontal and vertical)
-
Word Painting
-
Point of Imitation
-
Canon, Renaissance motet--Music Guide 8 (Josquin Desprez)
-
Renaissance Polyphonic Mass--Music Guide 9 (Palestrina: "Agnus
Dei" from Missa Papae Marcelli [Pope Marcellus Mass])
-
English Madrigal--Music Guide 10 (Weelkes: As Vesta Was From Latmos Hill
Descending)
-
Italian Madrigal--Music Guide 11 (Gesualdo: "Moro lasso")
-
English Lute Song (Dowland: Flow My Tears; his instrumental arrangement for viols
"Lachrymae pavane")
-
Renaissance dances: Pavane, Galliard
Medieval
Vocal Music: (be able to match a
term to its definition; know each listed composer/work/related terms)
-
Mass (ordinary, proper)
-
Gregorian chant (plainsong): Music Guide 3 and Music Guide 6 (Haec
dies--chant)
-
Organum: Music Guide 6 (Perotin: Haec dies--see organum part of Music Guide 6)
-
Medieval Motet: Music Guide 6 (Anonymous: Haec dies--see motet part of Music
Guide 6)
-
Medieval Polyphonic Mass: Music Guide 7 (Machaut: "Agnus Dei" from
Messe de Notre Dame [Mass
of Our Lady])
-
Successive composition (composing a polyphonic work one layer at a time from
the bottom up)
Non-Western
Terms: (be able to match a term to
its non-Western tradition or its definition)
-
India: sitar, tabla, raga, tala, guru
-
Africa: Call and response, improvisation, polyrhythm
-
Japan: koto, shamisen, pentatonic scale
-
Mexico: mariachi, charango, flamenco
-
Middle East: 'ud, darabakkuh
-
Indonesia (Bali & Java): Gamelan, gender, bonang
Basic
Song Forms/Terms: (be able to match
a term to its definition)
-
Binary Form (A B)
-
Ternary Form (A B A)
-
Strophic Form (many verses of text sung to the same music)
-
12-bar Blues Form
-
Verse (words change to the same music to tell a stor)
-
Chorus (same music and words return at various points in a song)
-
Bridge (a transitional contrasting section that separates main sections)
Elements
of Music: (be able to match a term
to its non-Western tradition or its definition)
-
Rhythm, Dynamics, Melody, Harmony, Timbre, Texture, Form (also consider the
words in a vocal piece)