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Comparative Civilizations Review
» Editors
» Letters to the Editor
» CCR Content
From The Editors
The Comparative Civilizations Review will seek to publish analytical studies and interpretive essays primarily concerned with (1) the comparison of whole civilizations, (2) the development of theories and methods especially useful in comparative civilizational studies, (3) accounts of intercivilizational contacts, and (4) significant issues in the humanities or social sciences studied from a comparative civilizational perspective.
By "a comparative civilizational perspective" we mean (1) the use of evidence from more than one civilization (the various national traditions of the modem West being regarded, in this respect, as constituents of a single civilization) and (2) a method likely to throw new light either on the origins, processes, or structures of civilizations or on the problems of interpreting civilizations.
This is a peer reviewed journal. Please submit your paper as a Microsoft Word attachment for the reviewers' consideration. Be sure to include on your paper itself your e-mail address, your academic affiliation and position, or note that you are an "independent scholar." Send your paper to Prof. Walter Benesch at ffwjb@aurora.uaf.edu.
Editorial Board
Editor in Chief:
Joseph Drew
President, Virginia Campus
University of Northern Virginia
10021 Balls Ford Road.
Manassas, Virginia 20109Editor:
Laina Farhat-Holzman
170 Tiburon Court
Aptos, CA 95003Book Review Editor:
David Wilkinson
Political Science Department
University of California
Los Angeles, CA 90024
Peer Review Editor:
Matthew Melko
5 Wiltshire Road
Dayton, OH 45419Manuscript Editor:
Walter Benesch
1911 Musk Ox Trail
Fairbanks, AK 99709
Corresponding Editors:
- Robert Holton, The Flinders University of South Australia
- Shiu-Lam Danny Paau, Hong Kong Baptist College
- Ronan Fanning, University College, Ireland
Editorial Advisory Board:
- Bernard Lewis, Princeton University
- Michel Cartier, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris
- A.R.D. Pagden, University of Cambridge
- Michael Palencia-Roth, University of Illinois
- Denis Sinor, Indiana University
- Pei-Yi Wu, Columbia University
- Sarah Lawall, University of Massachusetts
- Hayden White, University of California at Santa Cruz
- Wayne M. Bledsoe, Former President, ISCSC
Lee Daniel Snyder
President, International Society for the Comparative Study of
Civilizations
Shuntaro Ito
Praeses Honoris Causa Per Totam Vitam
Letters to the Editor
Editors:
I have received the spring 2008 issue of Comparative Civilizations Review and object to the article, “Deadly Conspiracy Myths in History” by Laina Farhat-Holzman, who is also an editor of Comparative Civilizations Review. It seems to me that this article presents one side of a contemporary political issue. Both sides deserve to be heard.
I have a thing about general debunkings of “conspiracy theories”. Some or many such theories may be wrong; but that does not mean that, because some are wrong, all are. A theory is a theory, to be judged on the merits of its case. If someone refuses to consider the facts of the case but instead dismisses the argument with “that’s just a conspiracy theory”, I become suspicious.
I am convinced, for instance, that the assassination of President Kennedy was the result of a conspiracy. I have come to that conclusion not out of a need to believe in conspiracies but simply because of numerous pieces of evidence pointing to it. On the 40th anniversary of the JFK assassination, the History Channel presented a whole week of related programming with numerous eyewitness testimonies to events contradicting the Warren Commission conclusion. We had the testimony of doctors who examined Kennedy’s body at Parkland hospital, Oswald’s mistress revealing what the purported gunman told her days before the assassination, a partner in a law firm that represented Lyndon Johnson telling what he knew, and, most recently, two top officials of the CIA, now deceased, admitting that the assassination was an inside job.
I do not know if, individually, these testimonies are true, but am certainly interested in finding out. What bother me is that, the History Channel excepted, no major newspaper, magazine, or television network, to my knowledge, has bothered to examine the specific allegations made of a conspiracy. If [we] would readily dismiss conspiracy theories if the facts they present are proven wrong, but not if someone refuses to look at the facts saying, in effect, “I don’t believe in conspiracy theories.” That seems to be the position of the major media today.
Many, o course, believe that the attacks on 9/11 were the result of a conspiracy. A prime piece of evidence for that assertion is that another building near the World Trade Center twin towers, “Building Seven”, fell to the ground in the same manner as the others even though no airplane struck it. Many who were on the scene reported hearing internal explosions. As circumstantial evidence, the World Trade Center changed ownership shortly before the attack, the new owner took out an insurance policy covering such damage, and made a fortune on the policy after 9/11. Again, I do not know whether or not these allegations are true, but they certainly look suspicious. Someone, somewhere, ought to be investigating them and telling the world. Conspiracy theory debunkers contribute to a climate of opinion that ensures this will not happen.
I do object to the ISCSC letting its good name be used to promote a particular political opinion, one with which I happen to disagree. Please rectify the situation.
Sincerely,
William McGaughey
April 19, 2008
Response from Laina Farhat-Holzman
The purpose of my article in the Spring 2008 CCR, “Deadly Conspiracy Myths in History,” was not a political opinion, as you seem to think, but was instead a history of real conspiracy myths in history that had draconian consequences. I was not discussing “theories;” I was discussing myths, historically-recognized myths. This is not only a current political issue, but one of historic implications.
For example, the conspiracy myths regarding witches resulted in the deaths of thousands of women during a period of several centuries. These women were not endowed with supernatural powers, as their accusers claimed. Nor could they affect the weather.
Myths about Jews drinking the blood of Christian babies were just that—myths—but they resulted in countless deaths of Jews for centuries.
The notorious Protocols of the Elders of Zion, although outed in the 1920s as a fraud perpetrated by the Russian Tsar’s secret service early in the century, proposed an international conspiracy of Jews to rule the world. The conspiracy, of course, was the circulation of the Protocols themselves. However, this poisonous text is still believed by the credulous—this time the Muslim world—as a valid proof of their conspiratorial imaginings.
I did say in my piece that there are real conspiracies, but these are few and far between because of the difficulty of keeping such secrets. I cited as real conspiracies the Soviets and Nazis, both of whom conspired to that they did not want the world to know. The Nazi “final solution” was certainly one such conspiracy, only revealed at the end of World War II. The Soviets engaged in conspiratorial placement of false news among credulous journalists throughout their reign, and many of these were accusations of other people’s conspiracies. Soviet rumors spread in Latin America that Americans were harvesting organs in the region, which resulted in deaths.
The conspiracies that you cite—such as the World Trade Center attacks, the assassination of President Kennedy, and many others are all modern versions of the historic conspiracy myths. There has been no proof, and certainly no credible evidence that the US government is either this evil or this clever. No credible source has backed up your theories. Even the History Channel, which has laboriously explored all such theories, has concluded that there is no evidence to back them.
Just because many people believe in conspiracy theories does not make them so. If they were true, they would have been investigated and published by responsible sources. In a highly competitive news market, with coverage 24/7, there would be major outing of such plots if there were any truth to them. They have not met the test of credibility of action or motive.
There will always be conspiracy theories, and rumor mills and the Internet will continue to feed them. The questions that ought to be asked are: who benefits from a rumor or theory; who has put it out there; and how reliable are “eyewitnesses” years after the events with confessions that only turn up in tabloids. As scholars, we must examine such accounts with a very critical eye.
Laina Farhat-Holzman
Comparative Civilizations Review
The publication of the Comparative Civilizations Review is made possible in part by the Gordon and Minna Hewes Endowment Fund. Published by and ©2004 by the International Society for the Comparative Study of Civilizations. Indexed in: Contents/Arts & Humanities Citation Index. MLA International Bibliography. Sociological Abstracts. A limited number of back issues are available: $10 per copy.
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Tables of Contents
Number 57, Fall 2007
Joseph Drew, “Editor’s Note”
Lee Daniel Snyder, “Civilizations and The Fourth Turning”
Andrew Targowski, “ISCSC Structure and Goals for the Next Three Years”
George Von Der Muhll, “Ecology, Culture, and Rationality: Toynbee and Diamond on the Growth and Collapse of Civilizations”
Peter O’Brien, “ USA: A Civilization of its Own?”
Üner Daglier, “Ziya Gokalp on Modernity and Islam: The Origins of an Uneasy Union in Contemporary Turkey”
Steven Blaha, “The Origins and Sequences of Civilizations”
Andrew Targowski, “The Civilization Index”
Book Reviews
Number 56, Spring 2007
Joseph Drew, “Editor’s Note”
Matthew Melko, “Kroeberian Bursts”
Michael Palencia-Roth, “The Presidential Addresses of Sir William Jones: The Asiatick Society of Bengal and the ISCSC”
Saddik M. Gohar, “Toward a Dialogue with the West: The use of Eliot’s Modernism in Al-Sayyab’s City Poetry”
Evy Johanne Haland, “From Water in Greek Religion, Ancient and Modern, to the Wider Mediterranean and Beyond”
Norman C. Rothman, “Islam in Turkey and Modernization: The Tanzimat Period”
William McGaughey, “Using World History to Predict the Future of the First Civilization”
Donald Thomas Burgy, “ Reading Europe’s Paleolithic Writing” (Conclusion)
Book Reviews
Number 55, Fall 2006
Joseph Drew, “Editor’s Note”
Gordon W. Hewes, “Anticivilization”
Lee Daniel Snyder, “Comparing Civilizations: 2005 Presidential Address”
Eduardo Wilner, “Comparing Traditions: Parallels Between Eastern Mysticism and Western Science”
Oleg Benesch, “Comparing Warrior Traditions: How the Janissaries and Samurai Maintained Their Status and Privileges During Centuries of Peace”
William McGaughey, “Using World History to Predict the Future of the First Civilization”
Adan Stevens -Diaz, “Dystopia and Civilizations: Comparison of Social Movements in the Network Society”
Andrew Targowski, “The Emergence of Global Civilization, A New Layer of World Civilization”
Book Reviews
Number 54, Spring 2006
Joseph Drew, “Editor’s Note”
Laina Farhat-Holzman, “The Persistence of Cultures in World History: Persia/Iran”
Kazutake Miyahara, “Three Kinds of Culture in Mainstream Civilizations”
Csaba S. Kecsces, “Extrapolating the Trends of the Most Significant Patterns of World History”
Emil Pales and Miroslav Mikulecky, Sr, “Periodic Emergence of Great Historians in the History of Ancient Greece, Rome and China”
Book Reviews
Michael Palencia-Roth, “Bibliographical History and Indices of the Comparative Civilizations Review, 1-50”
Number 53, Fall 2005
Joseph Drew, “Editor’s Note”
Robert Duncan Enzmann, Donald Thomas Burgy, “Reading Europe’s Paleolithic Writing” (cont.)
Joseph Thompson, “Cultural Relativism or Covert Universalism? The Metaethics of Multiculturalism”
Peter O’Brien, “Europe: A Civilization on the Edge”
Yu Liu, “The Inspiration for a Different Eden: Chinese Gardening Ideas in England in the Early Modern Period”
Book Reviews
Number 52, Spring 2005
Joseph Drew, “Editor’s Note”
John K. Hord, “Did Jerusalem Relocate?”
Lee Daniel Snyder, “Modeling History: A Qualitative Approach”
Thomas Schneider, “Traditionalism and Modernization: The Case of Mori Ogai”
David Gordon, “The African World and the Japanese Spirit: Cultural Dynamics in the Writings of Wole Soyinka and Watsuji Tetsuro”
David Wilkinson, “Fluctuations in the Political Consolidation of Civilizations/World Systems”
Book Reviews
Number 51, Fall 2004
Joseph Drew, “Editor’s Note”
Robert Duncan Enzmann and Donald Thomas Burgy, “Reading Europe’s Paleolithic Writing”
Leonidas Donskis, “Vytautas Kavolis: Toward a Polylogue of Civilizations”
David Richardson, “The Middle Eastern World Picture”
Seiichiro Takahashi, “The Acceptance of Dostoevsky in Japan—A Dialogue Between Civilizations”
Andrew Targowski, “A Grand Model of Civilization”
Dong Hyeon Jung, “Asian Values: A Pertinent Concept to Explain Economic Development of East Asia?”
Book Reviews
Lee Daniel Snyder/Stephen Blaha, Felipe Fernandez-Armestol/Lawrence Grambow Wolf, Leonidas Donskis/Palmer Talbutt
Number 50, Spring 2004
Joseph Drew, “Editor’s Note”
Marina Batovskaya, Ivan Diakonov, Marina Vancatova, Jaroslava Pavelkova, “Alms-Giving in Modern Urban Societies as a Biosocial Phenomenon: A Cross-Cultural Comparison”
Stephen Blaha, “Reconstructing Sub-Saharan, Mayan and Other Prehistoric Civilizations in a Mathematical Macro-Theory of Civilizations”
Norman Swazo, “Philosophical Identity and the Quest for Planetary Thinking”
David Wilkinson, “Power Configuration Sequences in the Northeast African Civilization/World System to 1500 BC”
Book Reviews
Number 49, Fall 2003
Joseph Drew, “Editor’s Note”
Andrew Bosworth, “The Genetics of Civilization: An Empirical Classification of Civilizations Based on Writing Systems”
Hemda Ben-Yehuda, “The ‘Clash of Civilizations’ Thesis: Findings from International Crises, 1918-1994”
Kazutake Miyahara, “Mainstream Civilizations — A Trial Essay”
Anthony M. Stevens-Arroyo, “Earth Religions and Book Religions: Baroque Catholicism as Openness to Earth Religions”
Dong Sull Choi, “Latin America and Liberation Theology”
Dean Keith Simonton, “Kroeber’s Cultural Configurations, Sorokin’s Culture Mentalities, and Generational Time-Series Analysis: A Quantitative Paradigm for the Comparative Study of Civilizations”
Norman C. Rothman, “The African Linguistic Diaspora: Gullah as a Creole Claimant”
John J. Reilly, “The World After Modernity”
David Wilkinson, “Globalizations: the First Ten, Hundred, Five Thousand, and Million Years”
Book Reviews
Number 48, Spring 2003
Joseph Drew, “Editor’s Note”
Trina R. Mamoon, “The Landscapes of Nikolai Roerich: East Meets West”
Michiaki Okuyama, “Religious Nationalism in the Modernization Process: State Shinto and Nichirenism in Meiji Japan”
Lee Daniel Snyder, “Monotheism in World History: A Constructive or Destructive Force?”
Laina Farhat-Holzman, “The Enemy Within Islam”
Anthony M. Stevens-Arroyo, “Earth Religions and Book Religions: The Religious Door to Civilizational Encounter”
Book Reviews
Number 47, Fall 2002
Joseph Drew, “Editor’s Note”
Walter Benesch and Eduardo Wilner, “Traditions and Civilizations: Another Approach to Understanding Human History”
Ricardo Duchesne, “What is Living and What is Dead In Eurocentrism?”
Ricardo K.S. Mak, “Global Vision of World History In Contemporary China”
Matthew Melko, “The Civilizational Concept”
Yoichi Shimemura, “Globalization vs. Americanization: Is the World Being Americanized by the Dominance of American Culture”
Rosco C. Hinkle, “An Assessment of Innovative Dating in Recent Studies of Ancient Civilization”
Lee Stauffer, “Globalization as a Signal of the Next Stage in Cultural Evolution”
Book Reviews
Number 46, Spring 2002
Joseph Drew, “Editors Note”
William McGaughey, “World Civilization Identified with Five Epochs of History”
Laina Farhat-Holzman, “God’s Law or Man’s Law?”
William R. Thompson, “Testing a Cyclical Instability Theory in the Ancient Near East”
Norman C. Rothman, “Indian Ocean Trading Links: The Swahili Experience”
Chi-Yu Shih, “The Eros of International Politics: Madame Chiang Kai-Shek and the Question of the State in China”
Dong Sull Choi, “Myth and Reality of the Chinese Diaspora”
Book Reviews
Number 45, Fall 2001
Michael Palencia-Roth, “Preface”
Eiji Hattori, “Reorienting the Cultural World Order: Letter 7 From Letters from the Silk Roads”
Wayne M. Bledsoe, “Globalization and Comparative Civilizations: Looking Backward to See The Future”
Palmer Talbutt, “Retrospectus and Prospectus: The Discursive Humanities”
Keisuke Kawakubo, “The Vistas of the Comparative Study of Civilizations”
Jose Davila and Myron Orleans, “Images of Village and Megalopolis: Contrasting Mexican Consciousness”
Madhuri Santanam Sondhi, “Gandhi and Mallik: Nonviolence and Abstention as Ethical Strategies for a Peaceful World”
Laina Farhat, “Janus Blindsided: The Islamic Revolution”
Ricardo King-sang Mak & Timothy Man-kong Wong, “Between Chinese and Western Civilizations: Reflections on Hong Kong Before and After Reunification with China”
Number 44, Spring 2001
Joseph Drew, “Editors Note”
John K. Hord, “The Comparability of Ancient and Modern Civilizations”
Matthew Melko, “Mainstream Civilizations”
Stedman B. Noble, “How Humans Domesticated Themselves, Invented Agriculture and Became Civilized”
Laina Farhat-Holzman, “The Shahnameh of Ferdowsi: An Icon to National Identity”
Corinne Lathrop Gilb, “In Memoriam: Roger Williams Wescott, 1925-2000” Book Reviews
Samuel P Huntington/Wilkinson, Roger Wescott/Melko, Kevin Shillington/Wolf, J.E. Ade Ajayi,ed./Westfried, Richard L. Burger/Farhat-Holzman, John Boardman/Wolf, Neal Anderson/Wolf, Michel M. du Jourdin/Wolf, Ashok Kumar Malhotra/Andregg
Number 43, Fall 2000
Joseph Drew, “Editor’s Note”
Boris Erasov, “The Crash Of Civilizations, The Growth of Disorder, and The Rise of Crime: A View from Russia”
Ross R. Maxwell, “Civilization and Interdependent Specialists: Cooperative Systems, Symbioses, Moral Syndromes, and a Sense of Wholeness”
Book Reviews
Wayne Bledsoe, David Richardson, Robert Andre LaFleur, Thomas D. Hall, Ronald R. Robel, Ronald R. Robel, Lee Stauffer, Palmer Talbutt
Number 42, Spring 2000
Joseph Drew, “Editor’s Note”
Arthur Iberall, Frank Hassler, Harry Soodak, David Wilkinson, “Invitation to an Enterprise: From Physics to World History to the Study of Civilizations”
Mary Downs and Martin Medina, “A Short History of Scavenging”
Jyoti Panjwani, “Feminist ‘Re-Membering’ and ‘Re-Visions’: Vaidehi’s ‘An Afternoon with Shakuntala’ and Mannu Bhandari’s ‘Swami’”
Book Reviews
Roger W. Wescott, John K. Hord, Ashok Malhotra, Tseggai Isaac, Laina Farhat-Holzman, David L. Sallach, Stedman B. Noble
Number 41, Fall 1999
Joseph Drew, “Editor’s Note”
Wallace Gray, “The Plott Project: An Unfinished Symphony”
Barry V. Johnston, “Pitirim A. Sorokin on Order, Change and the Reconstruction of Society: An Integral Perspective”
Naohiko Tonomura, “What is Feudalism? — Definition, Complex, Civilization”
Leonidas Donskis, “Ernest Gellner: Civilizational Analysis as a Theory of History”
Book Reviews
Laina Farhat-Holtzman, Ashok Malhotra, Ronald R. Robel
Number 40, Spring 1999
Joseph Drew, “Editor’s Note”
Gregory A. Barton, “The Enlightenment Foundations of World Environmentalism”
David Richardson, “On Civilizational Worldview, Part 2”
Dong Sull Choi, “Christian Revivals in Africa”
Ann Hemming, “Civilization as Rhetoric”
Book Reviews
Arthur S. Iberall, Laurence Grambow Wolf, Corinne Lathrop Gilb, Ronald R. Robel, William H. King
Number 39, Fall 1998
Joseph Drew, “Editor’s Note”
Shuntaro Ito, “On Cross-Civilizational Spheres”
Thomas D. Hall, “Civilizational Incorporation of Indigenes: Toward a Comparative Perspective”
Lucile G. Appert, “The Great Mother and the Great Race: The Importance of Troy in Roman Imperialism”
Robert Andre LaFleur, “The Historiography of Utopia: Images of Moral Rule in Early Chinese History”
Robert J. Cassinelli, “Mark Twain in the Holy Land: Us and the “Other” — Clemens the Racist?”
Roger Williams Wescott, “Civilizations Galore”
Book Reviews
Palmer Talbutt, H. Loring White, Raymond J. Lewis, Arthur S. Iberall
Number 38, Spring 1998
Joseph Drew, “Editor’s Note”
Shuntaro Ito, “What Is Civilization? — A New Approach”
Norman K Swazo, “Waiting for God: A Hasidic View”
Leonidas Donskis, “Vytautas Kavolis: Civilizational Analysis as a Social and Cultural Criticism”
Book Reviews
Ralph W. Brauer, Corinne Lathrop Gilb, William H. King, Raymond J. Lewis, Matthew Melko, Laurence G. Wolf
Number 37, Fall 1997
Joseph Drew “Editor’s Note”
Yunzhong Shu, “Authorship in Experimental Chinese Fiction”
John Hord, “Two Problems Regarding Moses”
Laina Farhat-Holzman, “Zorastrianism and Its Earthly Tenure”
Matthew Melko, “The Origins of General War In World History”
Roger Wescott, “Gordon Winant Hewes (1917 – 1997)”
Shawna Tropp, “Daughter of the Sun (Excerpt )”
Book Review
Michael Palencia-Roth, “Collected Ancient Greek Novels Ed. by B. P. Reardon”
Number 36, Spring 1997
Joseph Drew, “Editor’s Note”
Shuntaro Ito, “A Framework for Comparative Study Of Civilizations”
Lawrence T. Nichols, “Sociological Paradigms and Civilizational Studies: Complementary Contributions of E. A. Ross and P. S. Sorokin”
Dong Sull Choi, “Origins and Realities of Suttee in Hinduism”
Dmitry Shlapentokh, “Russian Conservative Historians of the French Revolution in a Contemporary Context”
David J. Staley, “Visualizing the Relationship Between Speech, Image and Writing”
Mathew Melko, Edmund Leites. “Vytautas Kavolis: A Memorial”
Wayne Bledsoe, “Vytautas Kavolis: Personal Friend and Mentor”
Number 35, Winter 1997
Yasuhiro Yoshizaki, “The Value Shift of Japanese Youth”
Hugh B. Urban, “Disinterested Judgment and Its Social Interests in Kant and Abhinavagupta: A New Approach to Comparative Aesthetics”
Corrine Lathrop Gilb, “Whose World? What History?”
Arthur lberall, “A Friendly Countercomment To Holton”
Arthur Iberall, David Wilkinson, “On Understanding Language”
Book Review
Michael Palencia -Roth, Matthew Melko, Ronald R. Robel, David Richardson, Ralph W. Brauer, Wail Hassan
Number 34, Spring 1996
John Mears, “Methodological Considerations for the Comparative Study of Civilization”
Dong Sull Choi, “The Process of Islamization and its Impact on Indonesia”
Hugh L. Gilderson, “From the State of Nature to the Empire of Reason: Civilization in Buffon, Mirabeau and Raynal”
Milo and Sean Kearney, “A Broader Comparative Civilizations Approach to the Bible’s Nativity Story”
David Wilkinson, “Configurations of the Indic States System”
Book Reviews
George von der Muhll, Michael E. Meagher, Laurence G. Wolf, Matthew Melko
Number 33, Fall 1995
Joan Marler, “A Vision for the World: The Life and Work of Marija Gimbutes”
Roger Williams Wescott, “Language and Civilization: Contributions of Linguistics to the Comparison of Cultures”
David Wilkinson, “Decline Phases in Civilization, Regions and Oikumenes”
Gordon W. Hewes, “The Daily Life Component in Civilization Analysis”
Book Reviews
Ann McBride-Limaye, David Richardson, Laurence Grambow Wolf Palmer Talbutt, Carroll J. Bourg, Corinne Lathrop Glib
Number 32, Spring 1995
Leonidas Donskis, “Louis Dumont on the National Variants of the Modern Ideology: II”
Lucien Miller, “The Ethnic Chameleon: Bakhtin and The Bai”
Ann McBride-Limaye, “Dialogical Horizons: Latino Voices and U. S. Audiences: E Pluribus Plures”
Dong Sull Choi, “Christianity and the Uniqueness of Japanese Religious Mentality”
Olavi K. Falt, “The Historical Study of Mental Images”
David Richardson, “On Civilizational Worldviews”
Forum
S. Iberall, “A Characteristic 500-Year Process - Time in Cultural Civilizations”
Robert Holton, “A Response to Iberall”
Leonidas Donskis, “Louis Dumont on the National Variants the Modern Ideology: I”
Victor Roudometof, “Globalization or Modernity?”
David Wilkinson, “Spatial-Temporal Boundaries of African Civilizations Reconsidered: Part 2”
Jan English-Lueck, “Turner and Frontier Values: Optimistic Postindustrial Enclaves in China and Silicon Valley”
Book Reviews
Gloria T. Emeagwali, “L. Stavrianos. The World Since 1500: A Global History; A.M. Craig, Graham, Kagan, Ozment, Turner. The Heritage of World Civilization; W. McNeill, A History of the Human Community; J. H. Upshur, Terry, Holoka, Goff, Lowr. World History; J.P. McKay, Hill, Buckler. A History of World Societies; R.L. Greaves, Zaller, Canistraro, Murphey. World Civilizations; P. N. Steams, Adas and Schwartz. World Civilizations, The Global Experience; A. Esler. The Human Venture, A World History from Prehistory to the Present; F.R. Willis, World Civilizations; T.W. Wallbank, Taylor, Bailkey, Jewsbury, Lewis, Hackett. Civilizations Past and Present”
Adeline Apena, “G. Mokhtar, ed. UNESCO General History History of Africa”
Corinne Lathrop Gilb, “Peter G. Foote and David M. Wilson. The Viking Achievement”
Wayne M. Bledsoe, “T. G. James, An Introduction to Ancient Egypt”
Cynthia King, “Stepanie Dalley. Myths from Mesopotamia”
Carroll J. Bourg, “B. Lewis. Race and Slavery in the Middle East, An Historical Inquiry”
Ronald R. Robel, “K.W. Taylor. The Birth of Vietnam”
Matthew Melko, “Wm. Eckhardt, Civilizations, Empires, and Wars: A Quantitative History of War”
Number 29, Fall 1993
Alphonso Lingis, “Ttuantin-suyo”
Roger Williams Wescott, ”Civilization in Context”
Syed Farat Alatas, “A Khaldunian Perspective on The Dynamics of Asiatic Societies”
David Wilkinson, “Spatio-Temporal Boundaries of African Civilizations Reconsidered: I”
Paul Wellen, “Pound and China: Ezra Pound’s Preference for Chinese over Western Philosophy”
Matthew Melko, “State Systems in Harmonious Conflict”
Number 28, Spring 1993
Wayne M. Bledsoe, “Foreword”
Andre Gunder Frank, “Latin America at the Margin of World System History”
David Wilkinson, “Cities, Civilizations and Oikumenes: II”
AIberall and D Wiikinson, “Polycultures” and “Culture- Civilizations”
Alice Willard, “Gold, Islam and Camels: The Transformative Effects of Trade and Ideology”
Ralph W. Brauer, “The Camel and Its Role in Shaping Mideastern Nomad Societies”
Forum
James C. Vanclerkam , “The Care and Keeping of Scrolls”
Michael O. Wise, “Ethics and Access: The Case of the Dead Sea Scrolls”
David Richardson, “Comments on John K. Hord’s Civilization: A Definition: Part 11. The Nature of Formal Knowledge Systems”
Number 27, Fall 1992
John Farrenkopf, “Weber, Spengler, and the Origins, Spirit, and Development of Capitalism “
Ronald Glasberg, “Toward a Cross-Cultural Language of Power: Sun Tzu’s The Art of War and Machiavelli’s The Prince As Exemplary Texts”
David Wilkinson , “Cities, Civilizations and Oikumenes: I”
Walter Benesch , “Comparative Logics and the Comparative Study of Civilizations”
Liangyan Ge, “On the Eighteenth-Century English Misreading of the Chinese Garden”
Frederick Buell, “Conceptualizations of Contemporary Global Culture “
Book Reviews
Jim Webb, “Fernand Braudel. The Perspective of the World. Vol. 3 of Civilization & Capitalism, 15th-18th Century”
Elpidio Laguna, “Ignacio Bernal. A History of Mexican Archaeology: The Vanished Civilizations of Middle America”
Elpidio Laguna, “Miguel Leon Portilla. Aztec Thought and Culture”
Elpidio Laguna, “Miguel Leon Portilla. Time and Reality in the Thought of the Maya”
John K Hord, “Jaroslav Krejci. Before the European Challenge: The Great Civilizations of Asia and the Middle East”
Korsi Dogbe, “Lois Benjamin. The Black Elite—Facing the Color Line in the Twilight of the Twentieth Century”
Korsi Dogbe, “Padmanabh S. Jaini. Gender and Salvation-jaima Debates on the Spiritual Liberation of Women”
Corinne Lathrop Gilb, “David Ziskind. Labor Laws in the Middle East, Tradition in Transit”
Number 26, Spring 1992
Wayne M. Bledsoe, “Foreword”
Michael Palencia-Roth, “Quarta Orbis Pars: Monologizing the New World”
Jennifer R. Goodman, “European Chivalry in the 1490s”
Ralph W. Brauer, “Geography in the Medieval Muslim World: Seeking a Basis for Comparison of the Development of the Natural Sciences in Different Cultures”
John K. Hord, “Civilization: A Definition Part II. The Nature of Formal Knowledge Systems”
Frederick Buell, “World Studies At Queens College”
Archie J. Bahm, “Three Zeros A Comparative Philosophy of Voids”
Book Reviews
Corinne Lathrop Gilb, “F. Roy Willis. World Civilizations”
John K Hord, “Gordon Randolph Willey. New World Archaeology and Culture History”
William Eckhardt, “Roger Williams Wescott. Getting It Together: Linking the Humanities to One Another and to the Sciences”
Anthony M. Stevens-Arroyo, “Winfried Herget and Karl Ortseifen. The Transit of Civilization From Europe to America: Essays in Honor of Hans Galinsky”
Wayne M. Bledsoe, “Cohen, Mark Nathan Health and the Rise of Civilization”
Number 25, Fall 1991
Dorothy M. Figueira, “Aryan Ancestors, Pariahs and the Lunatic Fringe”
John K. Hord, “ Civilization: A Definition Part I. Identifying Individual Civilizations”
William Eckhardt, “A Dialectical Evolutionary Theory of Civilizations, Empires, and Wars”
Madhuri Sondhi, “Basanta Kumar Mallik’s Theory of the Dynamics of lntersocietal Conflict”
Boris Erasov, “Russia and the Soviet Union; Civilizational Dimensions”
Vytautas Kavolis, “Nationalism, Modernization, and the Polylogue of Civilizations”
Book Reviews
William E. Edwards, “Matthew Melko. The Nature of Civilizations”
Hilja B. Wescott, Roger W. Wescott, “Margaret Ehrenberg. Women in Prehistory”
Carroll J. Bourg, “Stanley Diamond. In Search of the Primitive, A Critique of Civilization”
William Eckhardt, “Alexander Rustow. Freedom and Domination : A Historical Critique of Civilization” Laurence Grambow Wolf, “Theodore H. von Laue. The World Revolution of Westernization: The Twentieth Century in Global Perspective”
Norman Simms, “Simon Schama. The Embarrassment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age”
