Category Archives: Discovery Driven

Kenyan Pastoralists, an Ethiopian Emperor and 9/11 Topics of Spring Lecture Series

Three nationally and internationally recognized scholars will give campus presentations at WMU during the spring 2012 Distinguished Lectures on Africa series hosted by WMU’s Center for African Development Policy Research.

Dr. Bilinda Straight, associate professor of anthropology at Western Michigan University.

Dr. Bilinda Straight, a WMU associate professor of anthropology, will present “Health Outcomes of Inter-community Violence in Three Northern Kenyan Pastoralist Communities” from 3 to 4:30 p.m., Monday, March 12 in Brown Hall, room 2028.

Straight works with Samburu pastoralists in northern Kenya, examining consciousness, cosmology, material culture, gender, health and violence. She has published scholarly articles in a variety of journals and edited volumes. She is the editor of “Women on the Verge of Home” (SUNY, 2005), and author of “Miracles and Extraordinary Experience in Northern Kenya” (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007). She has been the recipient of numerous grants and awards from prestigious institutions, including the Fulbright Program and the National Science Foundation.

 

Dr. Theodore Vestal, professor emeritus of political science at Oklahoma State University

Dr. Theodore Vestal, professor emeritus of political science at Oklahoma State University, will present “Ethiopian-American Relations during the Reign of Emperor Haile Selassie, 1930-1974” from 3 to 4:30 p.m., Wednesday, March 28, in Brown Hall, room 2028.

Vestal has served as an expert witness in more than 115 political asylum cases of Ethiopians and Eritreans since 1996. In 1964-1966, he served as a Peace Corps executive in Ethiopia and has maintained an academic interest in the country and its people ever since. Vestal is the author of “The Lion of Judah in the New World: Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia and the Shaping of Americans’ Attitudes toward Africa” (Praeger Publishing, 2011) and “Ethiopia: A Post-Cold War African State” (Praeger Publishing, 1999).

 

Dr. David Wiley, professor of sociology and former director of the African Studies Center at Michigan State University

Dr. David Wiley, professor of sociology and former director of the African Studies Center at Michigan State University, will present “Africa After 9/11: Rethinking U.S. Definitions and Policies” from 3 to 4:30 p.m., Wednesday, April 11, in Brown Hall, room 1025.

Wiley served as director of the African Studies Center at MSU from 1978-2008 and at the University of Wisconsin-Madison from 1972-77.  His research has focused on Zambia (urban housing and development); Zimbabwe (race relations, religious movements); Kenya (participatory fisheries management); South Africa (urban environment) as a Fulbright-Hays Senior Fellow at the University of KwaZulu-Natal; and internationalization and less commonly taught languages in the U.S. Wiley is currently conducting research on militarization in Africa. His most recent publication is “International and Language Education for a Global Future: Fifty Years of the U.S. Title VI and Fulbright-Hays Programs” (co-ed, MSU Press, 2010).

The Distinguished Lectures on Africa Series is co-sponsored by WMU’s Haenicke Institute for Global Education; the Departments of Anthropology, Economics, Foreign Languages, History, Political Science, Sociology and Spanish; the Timothy Light Center for Chinese Studies; the Office of the Vice President for Diversity and Inclusion; the University Center for the Humanities; and the Walker Institute for Race and Ethnic Relations.

For more information, contact: Dr. Sisay Asefa, CADPR director and professor of economics, sisay.asefa@wmich.edu 

Belize Biology Class Featured in Foster Documentary

by Maarten Vonhof

Professor of Biological Sciences Maarten Vonhof led a group of WMU students to Belize for study abroad.

This past summer when I took my Tropical Biology course to Belize, we were one of two university groups that were filmed as part of the production of several promotional videos for the rainforest field station we stayed at (BFREE – The Belize Foundation for Research and Environmental Education).

The filming and production were led by Academy Award-winning nature documentarians Richard and Carol Foster.  They have just released one of the videos that features our WMU students quite substantially on YouTube (The Rainforest is our Classroom).
It is great exposure for our study abroad program and Western Michigan University, and I thought it be interesting to see our students in action.
Video (Vonhof speaks at approximately 9:06)

Still photos appearing in the video were shot by Environmental Studies major Darin Howard, WMU.

Links:
WMU Study Abroad
BFREE Foundation
Dr. Vonhoff’s homepage

Researcher Looks at Wrens for Behavior Patterns

Dr. Sharon Gill, assistant professor of biological sciences

by Helena Witzke

Dr. Sharon Gill, WMU assistant professor of biological sciences, is looking to the birds for answers to some nagging questions. How did social behaviors evolve in the natural world? Are humans, with our complex, long-lasting social relationships, unique? Not quite, it turns out.

“Humans are very social, living in families and extended families as well, but these types of social behaviors aren’t restricted to humans,” Gill writes. Recently, two of her papers were accepted by leading scientific journals— “Strategic use of allopreening in family-living wrens” was accepted by Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, and the Journal of Ornithology has accepted “Testing hypotheses for the evolution of long-term genetic monogamy in Neotropical buff-breasted wrens (Cantorchilus leucotis).”

The majority of Gill’s research is centered on the buff-breasted wren, a tropical species of bird which exhibits unique social patterns within its familial circle. Understanding how this species relates and forms social “rules” may be a clue as to how social behaviors evolve across the board.

Gill has had intensive experience working in Panama with buff-breasted wrens – research which has been facilitated by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. In Panama, she has focused on how families of buff-breasted wrens interact, the nature of behavior in reproductive partnerships, and (with graduate student Sarah Alessi and professor Dr. Maarten Vonhof, of biological sciences) the connections between social behavior and genetic structure of wren populations.

Despite the workload, Gill is enthusiastic about the rewards of working in the field. “When I started working on this species, next to nothing was known about its biology, and it’s been very exciting to learn new and unexpected things about them,” she writes.

Gill’s other major research questions investigate how birds and frogs alter behavior in response to changing environments, and interactions between host birds and brood parasites (birds that lay their eggs in the nests of other species).

Links:

Dr. Gill’s profile
Dr. Maarten Vonhof’s profile
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology

“Overcoming Bias” is Journalism Professor’s Newest Book

Sue Ellen Christian, associate professor of communication.

By Katy TerBerg

Sue Ellen Christian, associate professor of journalism in the School of Communication, has recently published her book “Overcoming Bias: A Journalist’s Guide to Culture and Context” through Holcomb Hathaway publishers.

Christian’s book takes an interdisciplinary approach, applying theories of social cognition, cognitive psychology and intercultural communication to the practice of journalism. While journalists go out of their way to avoid purposeful bias in the news, Christian’s book examines a more pervasive set of internal biases and flaws in thinking that can lead to unintentional inaccuracies and distortions in news coverage.

A Chicago Tribune staff writer, Christian draws upon her professional background by including her interviews with reporters and editors throughout the country who provide real-world voices and experiences.

“This book came about because of my students, and I’m grateful to them. Since joining WMU in 2001, I have worked with students on reporting experiences that included people unlike themselves in some important way,” she said. “This diversity reporting work helped me see the real need for a book such as this one for journalists at all levels, but especially those just starting out. The aim of this book is to promote fair, ethical and inclusive coverage in the news media.

“This book explores biases in the way that humans think, the way that we naturally and instinctively categorize people, filter information, ration our attention, rely on cultural norms and default to rehearsed ways of thinking. These biases affect journalism at every stage of the reporting and writing process,” she said.

Information on Christian’s book as well as upcoming events can be found on her blog.

Links:

Christian’s profile
WMU School of Communication

COM Professor Mark Orbe on New Book on Racism

Dr. Mark Orbe promotes "Communication Realities in a 'Post-Racial' Society: What the U.S. Public Really Thinks About Barack Obama."

By Katy TerBerg

Students who have taken Dr. Mark Orbe’s Taboo Topics class in the School of Communication attest to the fact that Orbe is not afraid to tackle controversial material. From race to class struggles to uncovering stereotypes, Orbe discusses each topic in detail. “Dr. Orbe clearly loves what it is he is doing, loves the students, context, and atmosphere,” said a student.

Orbe’s latest endeavor—the book “Communication Realities in a ‘Post-Racial’ Society: What the U.S. Public Really Thinks About Barack Obama”— was published by Lexington Press last November. In his book, Orbe addresses the reaction to events that occurred during President Obama’s first term—from the BP oil spill to the capture and killing of Osama Bin Laden, which occurred while he was writing the book. To give the book foundation, he rallied together focus groups of diverse backgrounds for a qualitative analysis. The research compiled in the book, in part, stems from these focus group discussions.

On Jan. 25, 2012, Orbe spoke with campus public radio station WMUK to about his book. Throughout the interview, he reiterated that the “post-racial” tag is in italics because the term on the whole has not been agreed upon. While he researched the book, a focus group participant said “America wasn’t ready for a black president, but it was ready for Barack Obama.” Further discussion as to whether or not Obama could be considered America’s first “black president” reinforces Orbe’s hypothesis, that society is not yet “post-racial.”

Orbe’s book has garnered positive reviews with one reviewer writing that the text was “a must-read for anyone concerned about how we communicate about race in the Obama era.” Another lauded Orbe on his cadence and what this reviewer believed to be the book’s main point: “The book suggests that people may disagree about whether we are or should be post-racial because they disagree about whether we are post-racist.”

Links:
Dr. Orbe’s WMUK interview.
WMU  press release.
Dr. Orbe’s Website:

 

 

Religion Professor is Fulbright Candidate

Dr. Kevin J. Wanner, WMU professor and Fullbright Scholar

By Katy TerBerg

Dr. Kevin Wanner, associate professor of comparative religion, has been approved as a candidate for the Fulbright Specialists Roster by the J. William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board, the U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of Education and Cultural Affairs, and the Council for International Exchange of Scholars.

The roster is a list of all approved candidates, eligible to be matched with incoming program requests for Fulbright Specialists from overseas academic institutions. He may remain on this prestigious list for up to five years.

As a candidate, Wanner will be considered a potential match for program requests in his area of specialty—Medieval Christianity, with a particular focus on the pre- and post-conversion religion and culture of Scandinavia.

Wanner teaches REL 2000: Introduction to Religion, REL 3050: The Christian Tradition, and, at the graduate level, REL 5000: Medieval Christianity. He also participates in a faculty team-taught section of REL 1000 called Religions of the World.

Wanner received a bachelor’s degree in psychology and religious studies from Indiana University of Pennsylvania in 1995, with a minor in sociology, followed by a master’s degree in religion in 1998 and a Ph.D. in the history of religions at the University of Chicago.

Between 1999 and 2009, Wanner published several scholarly articles, including “Off-Center: Considering Spatial Valences in Norse Cosmography” in Speculum:  A Journal of Medieval Studies, and “God on the Margins: Dislocation and Transience in the Myths of Óðinn” in History of Religions.

Known for his forum style, Wanner has been described by students as “open and encouraging.”

“I wasn’t sure going into the class but it has turned out to be one of my favorite classes I’ve taken so far,” said a former student. “He’s very willing to take questions and explain things more clearly. It keeps class interesting. I learned to speak up in class during discussions.”

The J. William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board meets quarterly in Washington, D.C. Wanner will join a company of over 310,000 “Fulbrighters” dedicated to the shared understanding of education policies between countries.

Links:

Dr. Kevin J. Wanner’s profile
The Department of Comparative Religion’s homepage
Fullbright – International Educational Exchange Program

Noted Paleontologist Dr. Kevin Padian Visits Campus in March

Noted paleontologist Dr. Kevin Padian visits WMU's campus.

By Katy TerBerg and Helena Witzke

How did flight evolve? What enabled dinosaurs to rise to dominance on Earth? And what’s up with red-tailed hawk that sits by the side of the road watching the traffic go by?

These questions and more will be wrestled with when noted paleontologist Dr. Kevin Padian visits WMU on March 29.

A professor of paleontology and evolutionary biology in UC Berkeley’s Department of Integrative Biology, and the curator of paleontology in the UC Museum of Paleontology, Padian unites his research interests with a fascination of how large-scale evolutionary changes get started.

Padian will be visiting WMU in March to give two lectures, one specifically for the WMU and Kalamazoo communities. This lecture, titled ”The Origin of Birds and their Flight,” will take place on March 29, and will be held at 6 p.m. in the Kirsch Auditorium of the Fetzer Center. Dr. Padian will give a smaller lecture Friday, March 30. These lectures are free and open to the community.

Padian is a prolific author of scientific articles and books, and has worked tirelessly to improve the standards of science education in the state of California and elsewhere. A recipient of numerous awards, appointments and honors, including serving as a visiting professor at several educational institutions in France, he was elected in 2008 a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and was named Western Evolutionary Biologist of the Year.

“My work generally falls into four categories,” said Padian. “The origin of major evolutionary adaptations; the beginning of the ‘Age of Dinosaurs’; systematics, functional morphology, and flight of pterosaurs; and the histology and constructional morphology of the bones of extinct reptiles.”

Padian’s favorite quote is by Charles Darwin, the forefather of the modern evolutionary theory. According to Padian, Darwin sums up just what he enjoys about exploration. “About thirty years ago,” said Darwin, “there was much talk that geologists ought only to observe and not theorize; and I well remember someone saying that at this rate a man might as well go into a gravel-pit and count the stones and describe the colors…how odd it is that anyone would not see that all observation must be for or against some view, if it is to be of any service.”

 

Links:

Dr. Padian’s profile
The Padian Lab at University of California, Berkeley

Decreased Loss of Retinal Neurons is Topic for Technology Award

by Helena Witzke

Dr. Cindy Linn, professor of biological sciences

Professor of biological sciences Cindy Linn is hoping to finalize development of a compound that decreases the loss of retinal neurons associated with glaucoma. If untreated, damage to retinal neurons and their axons (or nerve fibers) result in the loss of visual field and optic nerve volume—leading eventually to blindness.

Linn’s research looks promising. “The results from these studies could lead to a preventative treatment of glaucoma,” she writes.

The Office of the Vice President for Research has selected Linn for a Technology Development Fund award of $17,700. The grant will be used to help develop a recently filed patent through Western Michigan University.

Commercial-ready technologies often require a working prototype, or a more developed prototype that has been validated for a greater number of conditions or different endpoints than earlier versions. The funds from this award will help Linn bridge the gap that exists between research-stage technologies and technologies that are ready to be licensed by a corporation, or which may be ready for private investment as part of a new enterprise.

Linn is a neurophysiologist whose interests center around the cellular mechanisms involved in visual processing in the vertebrate retina.

The Technology Development Fund is part of the University’s efforts to support faculty research, inventions, and commercialization. These awards are usually granted to projects further along in the research and development process, which require polishing up a sturdy prototype for commercial inspection.

Links:

Dr. Linn’s profile
The Technology Development Fund

 

 

 

Professor Commissioned to Write for National Exhibit

by Helena Witzke

Nic Witschi, WMU professor of English

Dr. Nicolas Witschi, WMU professor of English, has been commissioned by the Bank of America’s Art in Our Communities program to write the official companion essay for an exhibition showcasing art, artifacts and images of the American West.

The Bank of America created the Art in Our Communities program in order to increase community stability through the support of museums and nonprofit galleries. It lends communities the use of special exhibitions in its expansive corporate collection at no cost. The exhibition, titled “Searching the Horizon: The Real American West 1830-1920,” will focus on both the common mythologies and the realities of the American West.

Ranging from works of art and photographs of people, places, and artifacts, the exhibition underscores the many different perceptions of the American West. Spanning a period of just under a century, the works available display a vast and teeming array of peoples, cultures, and a nation’s worth of ambition.

“It strikes a wonderful balance between showing the West of people’s imaginations and the West as it was lived historically,” Witschi says. “My hope is that it affects viewers positively by prompting them to rethink their ideas about the history of the American West.”

 Western American history has always been convoluted, and at times brutal, as the companion essay discusses. However, it also holds an overpowering place in the popular imagination of what “America” is, and this reputation, Witschi believes, does not always follow.

“We use it [the American West] as a symbol of all quintessentially American ideas and ideals, but beyond the symbolic value lies a complex arrangement of cultures, only some of which may rightly be called ‘American,’” he says.

 “Searching the Horizon” will allow communities across the nation the chance to explore and continue the discussion of the impact of this symbolism. The exhibition is currently on view at the New Britain Museum of American Art, in New Britain, Conn., until April, and will travel to different locations across the country over the next few years.

 

UPDATE: A Companion to the Literature and Culture of the American West (Wiley-Blackwell, 2011), edited by Nicolas S. Witschi, has been named by Choice as an Outstanding Academic Title for 2011. According to the official notice posted online, “Every year, Choice subject editors single out for recognition the most significant print and electronic works reviewed in Choice during the previous calendar year.  Appearing annually in Choice’s January issue, this prestigious list of publications reflects the best in scholarly titles and attracts extraordinary attention from the  academic library community.  

The 2011 feature includes 629 titles in 54  disciplines and subsections.” The full list of awardees may be found at this link.

Links:

Nicolas Witschi’s homepage

Art in Our Communities

Exhibition Details